United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).Te U.S. EPA is a regulatory agency charged with protecting human health and the environment by developing and enforcing regulations based on risk assessments. Te U.S. EPA was established in 1970 and is headquartered in Washington, DC. Teir position states: “Te strongest support is for not likely to be carcinogenic to humans at doses relevant to human health risk assessment.” (2016)
World Health Organization (WHO) / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues).Te WHO is the parent entity of IARC and “works worldwide to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable.” Te WHO was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Te FAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that “leads international efforts to defeat hunger and achieve food security for all.” Te FAO was established in 1945 and is headquartered in Rome, Italy. Teir position states:
Mission
“In view of the absence of carcinogenic potential in rodents at human-relevant doses and the absence of genotoxicity by the oral route in mammals, and considering the epidemiological evidence from occupational exposures, the Meeting concluded that glyphosate is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans from exposure through the diet.” (2016)
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Te IARC is the specialized cancer research agency of the World Health Organization (WHO) and “works to promote international collaboration in cancer research.” Te IARC was established in 1965 and is headquartered in Lyon, France. Teir position states:
“For the herbicide glyphosate, there was limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.” (2015)
“In addition, there is convincing evidence that glyphosate also can cause cancer in laboratory animals.” (2015)
“Te herbicide glyphosate and the insecticides malathion and diazinon were classified as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A).” (2015)
Table 1. Agency Conclusions of the Carcinogenicity of Glyphosate Agency
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (Parma, Italy)
Provide scientific advice and communication on risks associated with the food chain
Assessment Date 2015
“… glyphosate is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans and the evidence does not support classification with regard to its carcinogenic potential according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.”
Health Canada
Regulatory agency to protect Canadian’s health and their environment through rigorous science-based assessments
United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (Washington, DC)
World Health Organization (WHO) (Gene- va, Switzerland) / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (Rome, Italy)
Protect human health and the environment by developing and enforcing regulations
WHO is the parent entity of IARC and works worldwide to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable.
FAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and achieve food security for all
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (Lyon, France)
Specialized cancer research agency of the World Health Organization that works to promote international collabo- ration in cancer research
2015 2017
“Glyphosate is not genotoxic and is unlikely to pose a human cancer risk.”
Conclusions Carcinogenic to humans? Unlikely
Unlikely
2016
“The strongest support is for not likely to be carcinogenic to humans at doses relevant to human health risk a ssessment. “
2016
“In view of the absence of carcinogenic potential in rodents at human-relevant doses and the absence of genotoxicity by the oral route in mammals, and considering the epidemiological evidence from occupational exposures, the Meeting concluded that glyphosate is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans from exposure through the diet.”
“…there was limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for non-Hod- gkin lymphoma.”
“…there is convincing evidence that glyphosate also can cause cancer in laboratory animals.”
“The herbicide glyphosate and the insecticides malathion and diazinon were classified as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A).”
TPI Turf News September/October 2019 49
Not likely
Unlikely
Probable
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76
