Tu Fa l AmanitaAmanit


Lepidel as. A p is


t stem


Tis has


cies


has a ra 219).


has a ra 219 be


bcoke


chiseled basal bulb. A very pleasant odor when young and fresh. And that stem with a double ring. Tis mushroom is a treat for the senses!


itta subcokeri nom rom. prov iov. is one f th ep del as.ellas A pure pure-white fruitbod basal


niita ub okeri om


Tis species is found in mixed forests of hardwoods and conifers, and ook-aliike,k Amanita co on—A.


s spec es is foundou iin ange moree more northe


stem wm with a do cie


19). Further e ra


Al nguish he


distinguished fromA cokeA. cok r as A. subcokeri is a smalalller mushroom that tends that tends to stain reddish brown, especially on the basal bulb, and has es, thosehos of A. arger Q vallu


219). Furthermore, iitt is much mo e common—A cokeri is though t to be rare.. Although difficultt without the use of a microscope, it can be A. cokeriki s A. ub oke rown, espec


an odor of burnt sugar or cedar wood. If examining spores, those ofo A subcokeri are slightly longer and narrower,, and have a larger Q value.ue


an odor o ub o


R


end tto stain reddish brown, off bur ar


u h diffi fr ta


are sli ESCRIPT


rnt s g slig


DESCRIPTION s typica ly 3–


ap


aiin r dd y lo


an ndn und la e ma in, sometime ap


hiny ony tto mo ra ndic


ate wi h ag p edg . Universa 220


Cap is ypical is typical y 3–6 inches in dia shin


3–6 inc–6 inches


w th ragged and s ersal veil as


sugar or cedcedar wood. Iff exa ly onger


er and narr


ciallly ny on the basal am


g sp and have e a l la


ma ler mushr al bu es


p re ar


dry,, shiny to moderately shiny.. Cap planoconvex, occasionally with w t an undulate margin, sometimes incurved.. Margin nonstriate,, but appendiculate with ragged and submembranous material hanging from cap edge. Universal veil as pyramidal warts over much of cap, white


sometimes nc gge


ches i in diameter, white to cream Cap plano onoconvex, occasio Ma


metim incur s pyramida


Mar iin ra n no st midal wartts os over mu


us ma rial o


, whi e to cr m. S asio


m. Surface onstria


a erial ha uch of


y wi b


bu but g f fr , whiite diffic


hern than its lo i is much mouch mor with


hern than iti s lo


har mo


ho t the use off a micr is a sma


cr


A. cokeri s ho icr


hro ullb, and nd


r i is thoughtt to , it canc be ushr


d has n mix


Tismushr mi is a treat for he fo


forests off ha a wo oods and co coke


onifers anrs,, and cokeri ( a(page


on ers, nd


sa bulb. A very ple sa le rin


ing. Ti mushr


e frui body with la ge rusty-staining wng wartts. A biig odor when


ne off the most st h large


e r hen


he most stt s unning of ea rge


en young ang and


ining wa ts. A b g nd ffresh Andesh. An fo theh s


g of eastern es


aster


m. prov is one o he bo y with


to to cr cal


itth


scales in age;


ag but bu fla


with longer gil gillls, but irregularly distributed. in len


in length, white, becoming pale buff in age, occasionally with reddish brownow brown stains or spots (especially in wounds). Stalk narrowing towardowa but flaring at apex and displaying faintt longitudinal lines that can be seenee seen with a hand lens. Partial veil is white, membranous, persistent, with striateth striate l lines one lines on up er surface a d fibrils co and marg n o re


ength,ngthtgth, wh stta


ai a aini


er giills, but hiite, bec


, beco aring at apex en with a the


ains or spotspotts (esp cially ex and disp


and ma in to stalk. Oſten as true double pabllle p ti lrtial veil wher whe e the two are


h a h nhand len argin to sttalk.


their e r b


ongiitudi recu


bulb a 6


ne on upp alk Oſt


are j joinee join d at their dges to to sub or


bulb and lo and lowerower staler stalk Spore dim 1.64–


po e dimen off 1.64–2.02 of 1.64–2.02.


Spore d m 1.64–2


dimen 1.64–2.02. 1.64 2.02. .64–2.02. 221 2 21


e s. Pa ial veil is alk. O en a


e p t thei edges (see photo).


per surface nd es (see photo)


or brick-r d staiins or spots on larg scale lo g udina spudinal s lits. Un erUnive sal ve


subfusiforformto subnapiiform, radic k ed stains or spots n


subfusiform to subnap form, radic k-


mensions are 10.8–13.6 μ0.8–13.6 μm x 61


urface and fibrils con ti underside as true doub e o). Bas


le partial veil w o) Basal bu pots on large scales.e s ales.


recure urved scales n uales on upper partar of basal bulb or as co k. Spores are amylloid and e


udinal sp ts. Universal veil reil remna t ca cales o upper part off basal


radicating, an w s are 10.8–13.6 μm x 6.1–7.0 μm, ha


are am oid a d elo g te te to c lindriilindrical. 6.1–7


6.1–7.0 μm h ving 6.1–7. μm, hav ng a Q v


ellongate to cylindrical. μ


g a Q va


tric rin s o value


nants c n be seen n the tips op of sa bulb or ar as concentric rin id and elo


cales. Bu b oſten develop e seen on


ts can be s en on the tips of ri gs on


on


g, a, and with reddish b les Bulb oſtlb o en de


sal bullb is large, fusiffoform g and with


connecting nd sid ulb is large, fusif


ranous, persisten d


ddi h brow


ddish brown piing


g pale buff in age,n age occ playing ffa


o s whi


y in w unds). Sds). Stalk narrnarro lo


on ud udinal lines in , membr membra


n thatha can be g underside


crowded, off-white to cream when viewed en masse, edges browning in age; lamellulae plentiful, having diverse lengths, almost alternating d. Stalk is typically 3–4 inches ccasio


ales or powdewder near the edg odge off c p.ca Gill are clos wd d,


cre m to gra ish, ales or


d o


a e; lamellul h lo


ulae p


ream to grayish, oayish, ſten da der near the ed


ut irre


h, oſten d rkening bric h e to cr am w en bu


iful haul, h


mwhen view g dive


rly rly distr briiib


ewed en mas er e len


en


wed en mass , edges b ers


are close to ng hs, m


ngtths, almost al is


a erna ng


s typicallyica 3–4y 3 inches y with rh redd g tow


hes


ulloss nom. pr o ker’


ulloss nom. proom. prov Fals e C ker’s L e p i dell


darken g brick-red or brown awn at tips, small lls ar


wde


ro v. lse Coker’s L ep idell a


d or brown at tiips, sma close to subcrowded ot to


Eastern Destroying Angels.


Commo feat dies tha


radia lines, adi di e ca 0–1


Common ftures sharedes share by sp cie uitb d e rad


or radial line and stalks mem ranous sacc


e volvasolvas Gillsil are an va


anous univ lvas..


cies


ha are en nivers


range of 1.0–1.52.f 1 152 Te


uc d o No ly enco


been impo er, a sec


s now sp


T type sp cies of thisth n tive to No h A eri duc to


is ow pr ad commo y


Ti cou thi s


fruitbodies that are entirely white or off-white, caps without striations or radial lines, and stalks with partial veils, bulbous bases and membranous universal veils that become limbate (having flaps) or saccate volvas. Gills are almost exclusively white or off-whiitte.. Spore shape can vary ffrom globose to ellipsoiid, with Q values being in the range of 1.0–1.52.


ared by s ec lyly whi


alk with


ary fr mglob 1.52.


wh e or off-whit , cap h partial


cies in Si o


versal vei s tha b om re alme almost exclu o o e to


to ellli


mp rted fromd from um Eur econd in oduc g alo g t ountered.d.


America in Vanco e on inden


but f un o


Te type species of this section is Am America but or h A er


l ng the West


h t become limb e (ha x us


rtia vei s usively


rtial ve ls, bs,, bulbous me lim


usiveively wh e o o id,d, w


n isAiita p d on ph ide Amanita phalloides


cies iin Sectio Pha loide ar


ction hallloideae i includcllude aps


ps wittho t us bases an ha


out stri and


g flapsaps) or


nd ap


y w te or off white. Spo with Q valueallues b


native to North America but found all over the world. It was first introduced to North America in Vancouver, British Columbia, having been imported from Europe on Linden tree seedlings. Several decades later, a second introduction occurred on the East Coast. Tis species is now spreading along the West and East Coasts and is becoming mmonly ncooyencoun er


und all o er the world.orlld It wa first co en


des, w, which d I was


n occurred n the EastEast Coa T est and E


n tree seedlings Ea t Coasts and


urrent estima est ma es are around xh xhi hi xhib hib t a nega ega gat


Tis book prook p ovides desc c es Tiscies. T cha


Angels that exhib t a p sitive reacttion t KOH folllowed y Angels tha KOH, s e


deadly poisonous. Te lethal toxins of these mushrooms belong to a group of cyclic polypeptides known as amatoxins (page 19). In humans


y pois


see pa e 19.age 19.) so


g 260 p off cyclic c cli polypept de


19 A9 ) All sp ciesp cie of s.T lethal Teletha p p iide


a t des know


K H reacti n. (F r informati n on un usin eae ho ld be on ider s be 19


Angels that exhibit a negative KOH reaction. (For information on using KOH, see page 19.) All species of Phallloideae e dlly


Ange Ange


Ti cha ter is arrange wged with De hat exhibit a posi hat exhiat exhib


des rscriipt on and e r


e KO o n as a


ction to KOH, ollowe e


ns off thes t se ese mus amatoxi s (p


o K H, followed by De r y i


ea shoulld be considered ushr


o der e 19).


b lo g t 9). In h


ed by Destr yin be co


to a ans a 26 26 261


und 6 sp cies worldw de tiio


ld


d 65 sp ci w rldwide o s and images im gesm of eig Death Cap


nd is be b dwide for he e ffo the


er, Br tiriitish Col gs.


gs era


st Coast. Tis and


Ti sp


Co um ia, ha s. S


eral dec e cade


cad s


Current estimates are around 65 species worldwide for the Phalloideae Tis book provides descriptions and images of eight North American species. Tis chapter is arranged with Death Caps first, then Destroying Angels tha exhat e


halloid dea .


f eig Nght No h A ca aps firps firs , the De


America


t en D str yin esttroyiing


ch is n no g in the


Spore i


hich is not tri triaiariations


and and


and other


and then transported to the liver; once there, they destroy tissue by creating perforations in the cell membranes, which causes the liver to disintegrate. All organs may be affected. Amatoxins block RNA polymerase enzyme, which stops protein synthesis, DNA replication, and cell division.


nd other mammals, these tese toxins are an thenand thend then rahen tra sp creatin pe to disin olym d cel


her mammals, thes mma ma ting perffor and


ymerase enzym iv on


ammal these portted


hes ed to the


gra e. All organs enzyme which io


ratioions in thethe celll mem s may be affee aff h stops pop prote


z m , which tops


he live ; o ce ther ,here, they des roy em anm ranes


s are fil ered out by h khe ki c


are filtere o nes


ar nes, ein sy ed. A


ffectted. Ama xi s block RNAk RN te


nes, which ca se syn hesisyn he


hesis, D


d out by the kidneys ey destr y tissue c uses


out by the kidneysidne es the li


u by hesis, DNA rep cation,


• Descriptions and photos of 120 species • All regions of Canada, USA, and Mexico covered • Overview of science, history, and lore • Easy to understand biology, physiology, and morphology


hotos of 120 species da USA andMexico covered


• Toxicology discussed in depth • More than 350 beautiful color photographs and illustrations


• 340 pages, including keys, bibliography, and index


Discover the Amanitas of North America! Amanitas arguably are the most recognized and fascinating of all mushrooms. Amanita species mostly are big and showy, and ubiquitous over most of the planet wherever terrestrial plants grow. Tese mushrooms have been the subject of lore, make the news headlines with regularity, and Amanitas have even changed the course of world history. Many Amanita species are highly prized as choice edibles and commercially available in markets around the world. Others are infamous for annually causing


death to careless pickers—indeed 90% of mushroom-related fatalities are due to Amanita species. Amanitas of North America features images and descriptions of more than 120 species and species groups of Amanitas found in North America. Along with the most commonly seen species, rare or poorly known Amanita species are included. Plus, there are chapters on the history of mushroom research and mythology, mushroom physiology and chemistry, and toxicology. Amanitas of North America also features chapters on the genus Limacella, a small but closely allied group in the Amanitaceae, and on commonly encountered fungal parasites of Amanitas. Amanitas of North America is the first-ever complete Amanita reference for mushroom hunters and mycophiles, citizen scientists, and academic mycologists. Each species profile includes basic information on where and when this species is known to occur, ecology, edibility/toxicology, etymology, and detailed information on macro- and micro-morphology characters. And every species described is depicted with stunning photography.


Cover Price $60.00 • Online Discount Price Only $50.00 S/H Included! ($60.00 for address outside USA) • VISIT fungimag.com/store to order today.

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