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MARS THROUGH TIME


Greeley, R., & Spudis, P. D. (1981). Volcanism on Mars. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 19(1), 13–41. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG019i001p00013.


       Sedimentary geology of Mars pec.12.102.


Grotzinger, J. P., Sumner, D. Y., Kah, L. C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P. G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S. M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K. S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R. C., Maurice, S., Grant, J. A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R. C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R. S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R. B., Bristow, T. F., Dietrich, W. E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L. A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., & Yingst, A. (2014). A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science, 343(6169), 1242777. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1242777.


Hartmann, W. K. (2005). Martian cratering 8: Isochron refinement and the chronology of Mars. Icarus, 174(2), 294–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. icarus.2004.11.023.


Hauck, S. A. II, & Phillips, R. J. (2002). Thermal and crustal evolution of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 107(E7), Paper 5052. https://doi. org/10.1029/2001JE001801.


Head, J. W., & Marchant, D. R. (2014). The climate history of early Mars: Insights from the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys hydrologic system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 405, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. epsl.2014.07.034.


Head, J. W., Neukum, G., Jaumann, R., Hiesinger, H., Hauber, E., Carr, M., Masson, P., Foing, B., Hoffmann, H., Kreslavsky, M., Werner, S., Milkovich, S., & van Gasselt, S. (2005). Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow and glaciation on Mars. Nature, 434(7031), 346–351. https://doi. org/10.1038/nature03359.


Howard, A. D., Moore, J. M., & Irwin, R. P. (2005). An intense terminal epoch of widespread fluvial activity on early Mars: 1. Valley network incision and associated deposits. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 110(E12), E12S14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002459.


Howari, F. M., Al-Taani, A. A., Nazzal, Y., Iqbal, J., Bou Orm, N., Xavier, C.         assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soil in the Liwa area (UAE). Toxics, 9(3), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030053.


Hynek, B. M., Beach, M., & Hoke, M. R. T. (2010). Updated global map of Martian valley networks and implications for climate and hydrologic processes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 115(E9). https://doi. org/10.1029/2009JE003548.


Jakosky, B. M., & Phillips, R. J. (2001). Mars’ volatile and climate history. Nature, 412(6843), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1038/35084184.


Kite, E. S., Halevy, I., Kahre, M. A., Wolff, M. J., & Manga, M. (2013). Seasonal melting and the formation of sedimentary rocks on Mars, with predictions for the Gale Crater mound. Icarus, 223(1), 181–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. icarus.2012.11.029.


Kite, E., Gao, P., Goldblatt, C., et al. (2017). Methane bursts as a trigger for intermittent lake-forming climates on post-Noachian Mars. Nature Geoscience, 10(10), 737–740. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3033.


Lagain, A., Servis, K., Benedix, G., Norman, C., Anderson, S., Bland, P. (2021). Model age derivation of large Martian impact craters, using automatic crater counting methods. Earth and Space Science, 8(2). https://doi. org/10.1029/2020EA001598.


Langlais, B., Thébault, E., & Sabaka, T. J. (2023). Comparative magnetic fields of Mars and Earth. Science, 379(6628), eabm7730. https://doi.org/10.1126/ science.abm7730.


Laskar, J., Correia, A. C. M., Gastineau, M., Joutel, F., Levrard, B., & Robutel, P. (2004). Long term evolution and chaotic diffusion of the insolation


14 TPG • Jan.Feb.Mar 2026


quantities of Mars. Icarus, 170(2), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. icarus.2004.04.005.


Madeleine, J.-B., Forget, F., Head, J. W., Levrard, B., Montmessin, F., & Millour, E. (2009). Amazonian northern mid-latitude glaciation on Mars: A proposed climate scenario. Icarus, 203(2), 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. icarus.2009.04.037.


Madeleine, J.-B., Forget, F., Millour, E., Navarro, T., Spiga, A., Montmessin, F., & Head, J. W. (2014). Recent ice ages on Mars: The role of radiatively active clouds and cloud microphysics. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(24), 9085–9093. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059861.


Mahaffy, P. R., Webster, C. R., Atreya, S. K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P. G., Harpold, D., Jones, J. J., Leshin, L. A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R. O., Squyres, S., & Trainer, M. (2013). Abundance and isotopic composition of gases in the Martian atmosphere from the Curiosity rover. Science, 341(6153), 263–266. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237966.


Mangold, N. (2005). Evidence for precipitation on Mars from dendritic valleys in the Valles Marineris area. Science, 310(5756), 657–659. https://doi. org/10.1126/science.1117631.


McSween, H. Y., Jr., Grove, T. L., & Wyatt, M. B. (2003). Constraints on the composition and petrogenesis of the Martian crust. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 108(E12), 5135. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JE002175.


Moore, J. M., Belton, M. J. S., & Goldsby, D. L. (1998). Geological evidence for solid-state convection in Europa’s ice shell. Nature, 391(6665), 365–368. https://doi.org/10.1038/34862.


NASA (2014). Sedimentary rock outcrops with cross-bedding on Mars captured by Curiosity's Mastcam [Photograph]. NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. Retrieved from https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/6536/sedimentary-rock-outcrop-on- mars/.


NASA / JPL (1999) Temperature of the Martian Surface. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia02014-temperature-of- the-martian-surface/.


NASA, JPL, & Malin Space Science Systems (1999). PIA02086 – Impact cratering process diagram [Image]. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Photojournal. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02086.


NASA/JPL Caltech/University of Arizona. (2010). Glacial cirque like feature in Hadriaca Patera, Hellas Planitia, Mars (HiRISE image ESP_016271_1475) https://www.uahirise.org/ESP_016271_1475.


NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. (2014). Bardabunga Outcrop, Pahrump Hills – Curiosity Rover, Gale Crater, Mars. Retrieved from NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Image Gallery: https://mars.nasa.gov.


NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. (2015). Sedimentary rock formations on Mars captured by Curiosity rover in Gale Crater. NASA Mars Exploration Program. Retrieved from https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/.


NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. (2022). Rounded Rock Fragments at “Skrinkle Haven,” Gale Crater, Mars – Curiosity Mastcam Image. Retrieved from NASA Mars Exploration Program: https://mars.nasa.gov.


NASA/JPL/University of Arizona. (2007). HiRISE image of tectonic and lava flow features on Mars. HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment), Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Retrieved from https://www.uahirise.org.


NASA/JPL/University of Arizona. (2010). Polygonal ground in Martian permafrost terrain (HiRISE image ESP_017962_2505) [Satellite image]. https://www. uahirise.org/ESP_017962_2505.


NASA/JPL/USGS. (2025). Valley network on Mars. NASA Planetary Photojournal. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/.


Neukum, G., Jaumann, R., & the HRSC Co-Investigator Team. (2004). Recent and episodic volcanic and glacial activity on Mars revealed by the High-Resolution Stereo Camera. Nature, 432(7019), 971–979. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nature03246.


Nimmo, F., & Tanaka, K. (2005). Early Crustal Evolution of Mars. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 33, 133–161.


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