2 MILLION BLOSSOMS
Further reading •Carey, J. (2020) News Feature: The best strategy for using trees to improve climate and ecosystems? Go natural. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117: 4434-4438; DOI: 10.1073/pnas. 2000425117
•Di Sacco, A., Hardwick, K.A., Blakesley, D., Brancalion, P.H.S., Breman, E., Cecilio Rebola, L., Chomba, S., Dixon, K., Elliott, S., Ruyonga, G., Shaw, K., Smith, P., Smith, R.J. and Antonelli, A. (2021) Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon Global Change Biology
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15498
•Erenler, H.E., Ashton, P., Gillman, M. & Ollerton, J. (2010) Factors determining species richness of soil seed banks in lowland ancient woodlands. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 1631-1648
Above: The flowers of Millettia pinnata, used as a biofuel, are attractive to pollinators. © Vinayaraj, Wikimedia Commons
Fates of Flower Visitors Species on their own do not make ecosystems function. It is the ecological interactions between species–relationships such as predator-prey, host-parasite, as well as the mutualisms involved in most pollination interactions–that allow energy a species we Homo sapiens should be very concerned about conserving the vital relationships and interactions between when we protect them and suffer the greatest losses when services break down. Immediate action must occur at all levels of society, from individuals and community groups with small garden plots, up to national governments, businesses, and farmers. Across all segments of society, we can initiate practical collaborations that create and restore habitats for pollinators. The drawdown and sequestration of carbon dioxide is complex and needs a range of different, complementary approaches. There is no one solution. Pollinators are our critical allies. Without them, reversing global warming will be
Note: A much shortened version of this article appeared in New Scientist in March 2021
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•Erenler, H.E., Gillman, M.P. & Ollerton, J. (2020) Impact of extreme events on pollinator assemblages. Current Opinion in Insect Science 38: 34-39
•Ollerton, J. (2017) Pollinator diversity: distribution, ecological function, and conservation. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 48: 353-376
•Ollerton, J. (2021) Pollinators & Pollination: Nature and Society. Pelagic Publishing, Exeter, UK
•Ollerton, J. (2021) Protect the pollinators: pollinators have a critical, but largely unappreciated, role to play when it comes to climate change. New Scientist 3326: 23
•Ollerton, J., Tarrant, S. & Winfree, R. (2011) How many Oikos 120: 321–326
•Rech, A.R., Dalsgaard, B., Sandel, B., Sonne, J. Svenning, J.-C., Holmes, N. & Ollerton, J. (2016) The macroecology of animal versus wind pollination: ecological factors are more important than historical climate stability. Plant Ecology & Diversity 9: 253-262
Jeff Ollerton is an independent consultant scientist and writer, with a particular focus on pollinators and their flowers. He holds visiting professorships at the University of Northampton in the UK, and the Kunming Institute of Botany in China. Author of more than 125 research papers and articles, his book Pollinators & Pollination: Nature and Society was recently published by Pelagic Publishing.
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