2 MILLION BLOSSOMS
result in temporary indirect competition, where honey bees dominate the available resources. Resource partitioning is a likely outcome, with wild bees exploiting resources the honey bees ignore. Some wild bees, most likely bumble bees as they have such similar feeding preferences, could suffer limited reproductive consequences when forced to partition food resources with newly arrived honey bee colonies. Often the problem is not so much the addition of honey bees, but the The honey bee is an indicator species in the pollinator
world, providing us with insight into how pesticides impact the environment and how climate change is changing the as a surrogate for the health of other pollinators and alert us to much needed changes in environmental policy. The situation and our understanding of it is complicated.
Victoria Wojcik is the Research Director for Pollinator Partnership in Canada. She holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Science, Policy & Management. Her graduate studies focused on understanding how native bees use gardens and habitats in cities. The outdoors has always been calling this city girl who enjoys skiing, sailing, hiking, and any excuse to get out of town.
Notes and References 1. Wojcik, V. A., Morandin, L. A., Davies Adams, L., & Rourke,
K. E. (2018). Floral resource competition between honey bees and wild bees: is there clear evidence and can we guide management and conservation? Environmental Entomology, 47(4), 822-833.
2. by bees: analytical methods and a revised lexicon for oligolecty. Plant-pollinator interactions: from specialization to generalization, 99, 122.
3. Pellett, F. C. (1948). Plants useful for bee pasture. Economic Botany, 2(2), 178-197.
4. Somerville, D. (2005). Fat bees skinny bees. A manual on honey bee nutrition for beekeepers. Australian Government Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Goulburn, 1-142.
5. Campana, B. J., & Moeller, F. E. (1977). Honey bees: preference Journal of Economic Entomology, 70(1), 39-41.
6. Visscher, P. K., & Seeley, T. D. (1982). Foraging strategy of honeybee colonies in a temperate deciduous forest. Ecology, 63(6), 1790-1801.
7. Roubik, D. W., & Wolda, H. (2001). Do competing honey bees matter? Dynamics and abundance of native bees before and after honey bee invasion. Population Ecology, 43(1), 53-62.
8. Roubik, D. W., & Villanueva-Gutierrez, R. (2009). Invasive Africanized honey bee impact on native solitary bees: a pollen resource and trap nest analysis. Biological journal of the Linnean Society, 98(1), 152-160.
9. Roubik, D. W., Moreno, J. E., Vergara, C., & Wittmann, D. (1986). Sporadic food competition with the African honey bee: projected impact on neotropical social bees. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 97-111.
10. Cairns, C. E., Villanueva-Gutiérrez, R., Koptur, S., & Bray, D. B. (2005). Bee Populations, Forest Disturbance, and Africanization in Mexico 1. Biotropica: Te Journal of Biology and Conservation, 37(4), 686-692.
11. Badano, E. I., & Vergara, C. H. (2011). Potential negative effects of exotic honey bees on the diversity of native pollinators and yield of highland coffee plantations. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 13(4), 365-372.
12. Kato, M., Shibata, A., Yasui, T., & Nagamasu, H. (1999). Impact of introduced honeybees, Apis mellifera, upon native bee communities in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Population Ecology, 41(2), 217-228.
13. Dupont, Y. L., Hansen, D. M., Valido, A., & Olesen, J. M. (2004). Impact of introduced honey bees on native pollination interactions of the endemic Echium wildpretii (Boraginaceae) on Tenerife, Canary Islands. Biological Conservation, 118(3), 301-311.
14. Thomson, D. (2004). Competitive interactions between the invasive European honey bee and native bumble bees. Ecology, 85(2), 458-470.
15. Goulson, D., & Sparrow, K. R. (2009). Evidence for competition between honeybees and bumblebees; effects on bumblebee worker size. Journal of insect conservation, 13(2), 177-181.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108
