Brown Patch Disease
Kentucky bluegrass was the dominant species factor affecting the severity of brown patch disease severity on mixes in 2012 and 2013. All mixes with Midnight II KBG had less damage caused by brown patch than the individual TF cultivars alone (Table 3). Blue Note KBG mixed with most TF cultivars had less damage caused by brown patch than the individual TF cultivars; Blue Note KBG did not improve brown patch tolerance when mixed with Falcon V TF. Disease effects on mixes with A05-361 and A05-344 KBG were strongly dependent on the TF cultivar. A05-361 or A05-344 KBG mixed with Falcon V and Mustang 4 TF did not reduce damage compared to these tall fescue cultivars alone, whereas A05-361 or A05-344 KBG mixed with Justice and Greenkeeper TF did reduce damage compared to these TF cultivars alone. Tus, Midnight II and Blue Note KBG had a strong positive influence on the brown patch tolerance of mixtures with TF compared to A05-361 and A05-344 KBG. A05-361 and A05-344 KBG only improved brown patch tolerance of TF cultivars (Justice and Greenkeeper) that were more susceptible to the disease, and the improvement in tolerance was less than that provided by Midnight II and Blue Note KBG.
Conclusions
Turfgrass sod producers and managers should recognize that KBG cultivar choice can strongly influence the species composition and turfgrass quality of TF and KBG mixtures. Our data indicate that while autumn wear did not influence species composition, KBG cultivars capable of producing exceptional turf quality can reduce TF composition of mixes well below 50 percent when mixed with TF as well as reduce stand susceptibility to brown patch. Te tendency for a mixed KBG and TF stand to become clumpy and non-uniform will likely increase as the composition of TF in the stand decreases.
Mr. Brad Park is Sports Turf Research and Education Coordinator, and Dr. Jim Murphy is Extension Specialist in Turfgrass Management, both in the Department of Plant Biology at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Dr. Hiranthi Samaranayake did her post-doc research in that department and is currently an Adjunct Associate Professor in the Biology Department of Raritan Valley Community College.
Acknowledgements: Tis work was supported by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science, and New Jersey Turfgrass Foundation.
References: Beard, J.B. 1973. Turfgrass: Science and culture. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. Bonos, S.A. and D.R. Huff. 2013. Cool-season grasses: Biology and breeding. p. 591-660. In: J.C. Stier et al., eds. Turfgrass: Biology, use, and management. Agron. Monogr. 56. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Bonos, S.A., E. Watkins, J.A. Honig, M. Sosa, T. Molnar, J.A. Murphy and W.A. Meyer. 2001. Breeding cool-season turfgrasses for wear tolerance using a wear simulator. Int. Turf Soc. Res. J. 9:137-145.
Brede, A.D. 1993. Tall fescue/Kentucky bluegrass mixtures: Effect of seeding rate, ratio, and cultivar on establishment characteristics. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 7:1005A-1005G.
Juska, F.V., A.A. Hanson, and A.W. Hovin. 1969. Evaluation of tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., for turf in the transition zone of the United States. Agron. J. 61:625-628.
Meyer, W.A. and C.R. Funk. 1989. Progress and benefits to humanity from breeding cool-season grasses for turf. In: D.A. Sleper et al., editors, Contributions form breeding forage and turf grasses. Spec. Publ. 15. CSSA, Madison, WI. p. 31-48.
National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP). 2016. National Kentucky bluegrass test-2005 [Online]. Available at:
www.ntep.org/data/kb05/kb05_11-10f/kb0511ft04.txt
Park, B.S., J.A. Murphy, W.A. Meyer, S.A. Bonos, J. den Haan, D.A. Smith, and T.J. Lawson. 2005. Performance of Kentucky bluegrass within phenotypic classifications as affected by traffic. Int. Turf. Soc. Res. J. 10:618-626.
Park, B.S., H. Chen, and J.A. Murphy. 2016. Comparing the Rutgers Wear Simulator, Cady Traffic Simulator, and Brinkman Traffic Simulator. Acta Hortic. 1122, 103-110
Reynolds, W.C., E.L. Butler, H.C. Wetzel, A.H. Bruneau, L.P. Tredway. 2005. Performance of Kentucky bluegrass-tall fescue mixtures in the southeastern United States. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10:525-530.
Saxena, P. J.M. Bokmeyer, R.F. Bara, D.A. Smith, M.M. Wilson, S.A. Bonos, and W.A. Meyer. 2010. Performance of tall fescue cultivars and selections in New Jersey Turf Trials. Rutgers Turf Proc. 41:165-193.
Wilson, M.W., R.R. Shortell, W.K. Dickson, R.F. Bara, D.A. Smith, E.N. Weibel, J.B. Clark, J.A. Murphy, S.A. Bonos, and W.A. Meyer. 2010. Performance of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections in New Jersey turf trials.
78 TPI Turf News July/August 2019
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