better for traffic tolerance than Meyer, Empire and Zeon. Ancillary trials of drought and shade tolerance
yielded good data over the last few years of this trial. Te College Station, TX, site imposed significant drought stress on the entries over a three-year period, rating turf quality and percent ground cover to measure drought tolerance. FAES 1305, Zeon, FAES 1329, FAES 1313, DALZ 1303 and FAES 1309 rated the highest for overall turf quality summarized from 2015-17 under drought conditions. Shade tolerance was tested at both Carbondale,
IL, and Riverside, CA, with excellent separation among entries. Only data from 2014-15 could be collected at Carbondale with FAES 1312, A-1, DALZ 1301, 10-TZ- 35 and DALZ 1302 providing the highest percent ground cover by the end of the trial. Riverside collected data from 2014-17 with entries like 09-TZ-54-9, 09-TZ-53-20, DALZ 1303, FAES 1306, and FAES 1310 finishing in the top statistical group. Several locations rated establishment rates,
with many entries establishing much faster than Meyer and Zeon. At Jay, FL, Empire (90.0 percent), FAES 1307 (81.7 percent) and FAES 1314 (78.3 percent) had statistically significant faster cover than Meyer (41.7 percent) and Zeon (43.3 percent). Early ratings from Auburn, AL, showed FAES 1314 with 40.0 percent cover, while Meyer and Zeon had only 11.7 and 10.0 percent respectively. In addition, the Manhattan, KS, site had FAES 1307 (91.7 percent) at the top, followed closely by FAES 1329, Empire, and GGZ 504 at 88.3 percent cover. In Manhattan, KS, establishment ratings of Meyer (61.7 percent) and Zeon (55.0 percent) were significantly lower. Te winters of 2013-14 and 2014-15 severely
damaged many zoysia entries as some breeding efforts have been focused on cultivar development for the southern and southeast U.S. It makes sense then that the two best entries for winter injury, Meyer (8.1 percent injury) and KSUZ 1201 (14.7 percent) were developed in the Transition Zone. However, since those two winters were extreme and maybe the worst in the last thirty years, we expect that entries such as Empire, 11-TZ-4321, and FAES 1305 may provide enough winter hardiness for consistent performance in the mid to lower Transition zone. Diseases on zoysia are not as big a concern as with
some other species, however certain diseases can cause significant damage. Dollar spot and large patch are two of the diseases that can infect zoysia, with data in 2017 from Raleigh, NC, and Citra, FL. 10-TX-12-54, FAES 1319, FAES 1312 and 11-TZ-4321 had high dollar spot tolerance ratings at both locations in 2017. Large patch or zoysia patch (Rhizoctonia solani)
was noted at Fayetteville, AR, in 2017. Te entries with the least large patch damage in 2017 include FAES 1319, 09-TZ-54-9, FAES 1328, FAES 1315 and FAES 1317. A large patch ancillary trial established at Columbia, MO, did not yield data on enough entries due to winter injury in the first two years.
TPI Turf News July/August 2019
Warm-Season Putting Green In the late 1990s, NTEP and USGA collaborated
on a trial to evaluate creeping bentgrass and bermudagrass on putting greens situated at golf courses. Te purpose of that trial was to evaluate putting green cultivars under actual golf course putting green conditions. For bermudagrass, eight golf courses were chosen in locations as varied as Florida, California, Missouri and other sites. Data collected from that trial (
http://www.ntep.org/ reports/bg98o/bg98o_02-10f/
bg98o_02-10f.htm) showed that bermudagrass could work well as a replacement for creeping bentgrass in the lower Transition Zone and southern U.S. Tat trial contained seven bermudagrasses, several of which have become well established in the golf turf industry. More recently, the USGA is interested in
identifying warm-season grasses that can provide acceptable putting surfaces where course owners want to save water, pesticide and fertilizer inputs. In addition, the USGA is interested in evaluating potential new putting green grasses that can be mowed higher, do not require as much cultivation and vertical mowing, but still provide a good quality playing surface. Hence, the idea for a new collaborative trial that we established in 2013. A new twist on this trial is that we have included
not only bermudagrass, but also zoysiagrass and seashore paspalum. Seashore paspalum has been utilized on putting greens for the last decade or so, but zoysiagrass has almost no history as a putting green surface in the U.S. (zoysia has been a mainstay of ‘summer’ putting greens in Japan for decades). Including three different species in one trial offered challenges, particularly in management specifics that may differ from one species to another. However, eleven trial cooperators (seven at university sites, four on golf courses) felt up to the challenge and the trial was born. One of the goals of the trial is to maintain
consistent putting green speeds of at least 9 feet on the stimpmeter. Tis speed is adequate for most mid-level public and private courses where reduced maintenance inputs and costs are necessary for the course to be profitable. How to maintain that speed is up to the site manager (or golf course superintendent), but a set of guidelines were developed to help manage the trial. In addition, it was determined that since some locations could suffer winter kill each year, turf covers would be provided to those locations and would be used as a standard maintenance practice (adopting what a mid-level golf course may do to protect their investment). Te use of covers came into focus the first winter, with the severe cold temperatures. As explained over the last few updates, despite
the covers that were used at several locations, winter injury from 2013-14 was significant at some locations. Tis winter injury caused NTEP to replant some or all entries at four locations in summer 2014. Terefore, establishment data collected during the trials’ first year (2013), was collected again at several locations in 2014. And several
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