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UK DIAGNOSTIC LAB NEWS (CONT.)


Ideally, submissions for abortion workup should include an intact abortus, placenta, and maternal serum. If possible, multiple sets of samples should be submitted if multiple dams have aborted fetuses. Submission of the placenta is of critical importance because some bacterial and mycotic abortions do not cause significant lesions in the fetus. If submission of an entire fetus is not feasible, an assortment of formalin-fixed and fresh tissues should be collected. Formalin-fixed tissues should include brain, eyelid, lung, heart, lymph node, thymus spleen, kidney, liver, intestine with contents, skeletal muscle, and placen- ta. Fresh samples should include lung, liver, kidney, spleen, placenta, and abomasal fluid; these samples should be submitted chilled, or less ideally, frozen. If the brain cannot be extracted in the field, submission of the intact head for processing at the laboratory is a reasonable alternative. Abomasal fluid is unlikely to be contaminated during collection, and is thus a good substitute for culturing amniotic fluid. In the case de- scribed above, the brain was critical to provide a diag- nosis for the abortion storm on this farm.


References 1. Almería S, Araujo R, Tuo W, López-Gatius F, Dubey JP, Gasbarre LC. Fetal death in cows ex- perimentally infected with Neospora caninum at 110 days of gestation. Vet Parasitol. 2010 May 11;169:304–311. 2. Anderson ML. Infectious causes of bovine abor- tion during mid- to late-gestation. Teriogenology. 2007 Aug 1;68:474–486. 3. Barr BC, Anderson ML, Blanchard PC, Daft BM, Kinde H, Conrad PA. Bovine Fetal Encephalitis and Myocarditis Associated with Protozoal Infections. Vet Pathol. 1990 Sep 1;27:354–361. 4. Donahoe SL, Lindsay SA, Krockenberger M, Phalen D, Šlapeta J. A review of neosporosis and pathologic findings of Neospora caninum infection in wildlife. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2015 Aug 1;4:216–238. 5. Dubey JP, Buxton D, Wouda W. Pathogenesis of Bovine Neosporosis. J Comp Pathol. 2006 May 1;134:267–289. 6. Fávero JF, Da Silva AS, Campigotto G, et al. Risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dairy cat- tle and their possible cause-effect relation for disease. Microb Pathog. 2017 Sep 1;110:202–207. 7. Gondim LFP, McAllister MM, Gao L. Effects of host maturity and prior exposure history on the pro- duction of Neospora caninum oocysts by dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2005 Nov 25;134:33–39. 8. Mazuz ML, Fish L, Reznikov D, et al. Neospo-


J. A. Keith, D.V.M., M.B.A., M. Econ Versailles, KY


859.753.5000 vetau94@aol.com


rosis in naturally infected pregnant dairy cattle. Vet Parasitol. 2014 Sep 15;205:85–91. 9. Reichel MP, McALLISTER MM, Pomroy WE, Campero C, Ortega-Mora LM, Ellis JT. Control options for Neospora caninum – is there anything new or are we going backwards? Parasitology. 2014 Sep;141:1455–1470. 10. Silva AF, Rangel L, Ortiz CG, et al. Increased incidence of DNA amplification in follicular than in uterine and blood samples indicates possible tropism of Neospora caninum to the ovarian follicle. Vet Par- asitol. 2012 Aug 13;188:175–178. 11. University of Wisconsin, Animal Science (2019). Fetal Age. [online] Available at: http://www. ansci.wisc.edu/jjp1/ansci_repro/lab/female_anato- my/crown_rump_calculators.htm [Accessed 29 Jul. 2019]. 


Winter 2020 11


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