GEOLOGIC NOTES ON FORT PLACEMENT
component. Union forces broke through on 17 December destroying rail, mines, iron and lead ore processing assets, and military stores. Junk was thrown down the well shafts. By Christmas the job was finished. In spite of the material mis- match between North and South, indus- trial capacity of the South grew through the war, until the very end (i.e. new iron operations developed in Alabama and copper in Tennessee). (Katcher, 1992).
By March 1865, at the eleventh hour,
the rebels at Saltville were mining again. Stoneman’s men returned in April and laid waste to the facilities two days before Lee’s surrender at Appomattox. After hostilities ceased, a Confederate ordnance officer characterized the Wythe County mines saying: “Our lead was obtained chiefly, and in the last years of the war entirely, from the lead mines at Wytheville Virginia. The mines were worked night and day, and the lead converted into bullets as fast as received.” (Whisonant, 2015)
Significant numbers of Kentuckians
fought at Saltville 1 and 2. Col. J Russell Butler’s 1st Kentucky Cavalry, always remembered Saltville as the first time they faced black troops in battle. (Prichard, 2014)
Conclusions This study examines how geology
impacts both installation and theatre
level strategic thinking. Very often, plac- es of geologic prominence like mountain passes, and reserves of oil, water, and minerals are associated with conflict. This has been true for millennia, and remains true today.
References
Brisbin, James S., 1868, The Campaign Lives of Ulysses S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax. Cincinnati: C. F. Vent & Co., p. 280
Dunnigan, Brian L., 2012, The Geometry of War: Fortification Plans from 18thCentury America.
http://clements.umich.edu/exhib- its/online/geometry_of_war/
geometry6.php University of Michigan. Accessed May 17, 2019.
Jillson, W. R., 1945, The Kentucky River. Roberts Printing Company, Frankfort, Kentucky. p. 13, p. 32 for figure, p. 36
Jillson, W. R., 1948, Geological Excursions in Kentucky: a Series of twelve Outline Descriptions of Localities in and About the Bluegrass Region Exhibiting Earth Phenomena of Unusual Interest.
Roberts
Printing Company, Frankfort, Kentucky. p. 58 for the figure ii and p. 55 for text.
Katcher, Philip, 1992, The Complete Civil War. Cassell Books, Wellington House, London. p. 46
KGS Geologic map Information Service, https://
kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/main.asp May14, 2019
Accessed
Nichol Everett A. & Marie, 1996, “Battery D, First Ohio Veteran Volunteer Light Artillery,
It’s Military History 1861-1865” Copyright 1996
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Oakes, David, Atlas of Kentucky, Map 114. University of Kentucky Press. p. 150.
Owen, D. D., 1857, Third Report of the Geological Survey of Kentucky. pp. 73 to 75.
Prichard, James M., Embattled Capitol: Frankfort in the Civil War, 2014, Frankfort Heritage Press. pp 128, 149, 157 and 209.
Viele, Egbert L., Handbook for the Active Service: Containing Practical Illustrations in Campaign Duties. For the Use of Volunteers. Cpt. Engineers, 7th Regiment NY. p. 122.
Whisonant, Robert C., 2015, Arming the Confederacy: Virginia’s Mineral Contributions to the Confederate War Effort. Virginia Center for Civil War Studies. July 2015. Virginia Tech.
https://www.essen-
tialcivilwarcurriculum.com/arming-the-con-
federacy-virginias-mineral-resources.html Accessed May 2, 2019.
Whisonant, Robert C., V, Geology and the Civil War in Southwestern Virginia: the Wythe County Lead Mines. Virginia Minerals, Commonwealth of Virginia, Vol 42. Number 2. May 1996. p. 18
Whisonant, Robert C., 1996, Geology and the Civil War in Southwestern Virginia: the Smyth County Salt Works. Virginia Minerals, Commonwealth of Virginia, Vol 42. Number 3. August 1996. p. 22.
Wolcott, Don E., 1969, Geologic Quadrangle Map of the Little Hickman Quadrangle, Kentucky, GQ 792. Kentucky Geological Survey.
ISBN 0-9647203-0-9 INFOTRANS
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