Stone Treatment WB Plus, and replac- ing the concrete sidewalks with granite.
Conclusion
The analysis of the Kasota stone shows elemental ratios and compositions similar to other studies of this stone. Compositions, such as those of clays, micas, and orthoclase, were not detect- ed in this study because very minor amounts of these minerals may have been present in our sample. The clastic heterogeneity of this stone is shown, and the cavities are mostly surrounded by calcite and dolomite. Because acidic water, road salt, and freeze-thaw cycles chemically interact with carbonates, this weathers and erodes the stone at these openings. The water repellent will likely restrict the weathering agents from absorbing into the capillary structures of the stone.
Future Research Directions
• Investigate the composition and characteristics of the black crusts
Continued from p. 27
potato chips. Isn’t there any fruit?” Since this was the first LUNCH day, I didn’t see where this was headed, but I should have. I made the mistake of ‘apologizing’ for the lack of choice, and promised to ‘do better’ tomorrow.
Well, that night I studied the “Drew’s VCR and Sandwich Shoppe” menu care- fully and noted that I could make more different combinations out of what he offered. Here is his official menu, sort of:
• Turkey & Ham • Turkey & Cheese • Corned Beef • Pastrami • Roast Beef • Vegetarian • Salami
• Salami & Pepperoni •Salami & Turkey •Salami & Cheese
Now, you can see that Drew is show- ing no imagination here. He has 10 menu items listed, but he actually has the wherewithal to do much more. For single-item sandwiches, he could elimi- nate the pairings of things with turkey and with salami and start with a base of 9 single-item fillers. For two-item sandwiches, he could come up with about 2(9) possibilities. For 3-item sandwiches – well, you get the idea; the possibili-
www.aipg.org
ties are unlimited! For the next day, I carefully made up a suite of 4 fives: 4 different sandwiches, each repeated five times. Of course, I had also entertained complaints about the lack of selection in potato chips, so I had to add a second type of potato chip. And, of course, I had already added fruit (apples and oranges) for the “fruits” in the group.
Lunch that day was a chorus of: •“Why did you get these sandwiches?” •“I wanted different chips.” •“How come there aren’t more orang-
es?”
•(From the Irish lady): “These drinks are too American!”
So the next day I varied the sand- wich menu some more and added more oranges. Then I got complaints about the vegetarian sandwich (“It’s just lettuce!”), the poor choice of drinks (12 different types!), the boring fruit choices (only apples and oranges), and as usual, the potato chips.
Well, this escalated at lunchtime into another arms race, this time with myself, in a vain attempt to outdo myself each succeeding day. The sandwich choices varied every day, with a foundational base of 10 turkey & ham (a perennial favorite), 5 of a different other, and 4 of yet another different combo (I had my own special sandwich); two varieties
of chips (Drew couldn’t do any better); fruits rose from mere apples and orang- es to include cantaloupe, nectarines, grapes, watermelon and strawberries; nearly 15 types of sodas; Jell-O, pud- dings, popcorn, and MORE chips in big bags. And, through it all, I landed yet another complaint: “These sandwiches are too big.” (So, don’t eat all of it!).
My crowning achievement came on the last two days of the trip, when I was able to prepare for dessert – on the tailgate of the truck bed – two LARGE strawberry shortcakes from scratch, complete with washed and sliced straw- berries (prepped in my hotel room) and a mound of whipped cream.
At the closing ceremonies – on the Dinner of Day 8 – the 16 participants pre- sented the two trip leaders, my colleague and me with engraved silver medallions celebrating our yeoman service.
And, can you believe – I was honored by acclamation as The Most Obsessive Personality in the group!
________________________________
The course content and road logs for the course described in this “Tale From the Field” were collected in
Ridgley, V and R.F. Hardyman,1994, Modern Structural Analysis for the Practicing Geologist. AIPG Nevada Section.
Jan.Feb.Mar 2019 • TPG 31
on the exterior of the St. Columba Cathedral.
• Explore the effectiveness of the water repellent
• Further investigate the nature of the fibrous material
References
Cathedral Image (figure 1) from Roadside Architecture, (n.d.), Ohio Mid-Century Modern Churches.
http://www.roadarch.com/modarch/
ohchurch2.html
Folk, R.L, (1974) Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin
Charola, A. Elena, Edward P. Vicenzi, Carol A. Grissom, and Nicole Little, (2017). Composition and Characteristics of Kasota Limestone on the Exterior of the National Museum of the American Indian Building, in Conservation of the Exterior of the National Museum of the American Indian Building. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute
KASOTA LIMESTONE WEATHERING Acknowledgements
Special thanks to the follow- ing: Materials Research Laboratory (Struthers, OH), Rachel Kusnic, Carol Hirt, and Drew Hirt; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences (YSU), guidance from Dr. Ray Beiersdorfer, who also supplied the unpolished thin section; Department of Chemistry (YSU), guidance from Dr. Allen Hunter and use of their equipment; and Diocese of Youngstown, Joe Kuras, Property Director of Saint Columba Cathedral for offering information about current restoration efforts.
Author’s Bio
Brigitte Petras grew up in Northeastern Ohio and is in the process of finishing a Bachelor of Science degree at Youngstown State University with a major in geology and minors in chem- istry and art history. She would like to continue to learn and apply geochemis- try to solving problems in research and industry.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64
