PARTICULATE MATTER


Ginoux, P. (2017). Atmospheric chemistry: Warming or cooling dust? Nature Geoscience, 10, 246-248.


Goudie, A. S., Middleton, N. J. (2001). Saharan dust storms: Nature and consequences. Earth-Science Reviews, 56(1-4), 179-204.


Imbler, S. (2020). A giant dust storm is heading across the Atlantic. The Atlantic, June 24.


Kaulfus, A. S., Nair, U., Jaffe, D. (2017). Biomass burning smoke climatology of the United States: Implications for particulate matter air quality. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(20), 11731-11741.


Li, Y., Tong, D., Ma, S., Zhang, X., Kondragunta, S., Li, F., Saylor, R. (2021). Dominance of wildfires impact on air quality exceedances during the 2020 record-breaking wildfire season in the United States. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL094908.


Myhre, G., Myhre, C. E. L., Samset, B. H., Storelvmo, T. (2013). Aerosols and their relation to global climate and climate sensitivity. Nature Education Knowledge, 4(5), 7.


NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (2023). NASA Worldview. Available at: https://worldview. earthda t a .nasa. g ov/?v=-204.55640381326134,- 30.058989520670465,40.58327296708501,86.72665424884285&s=- 96.7951,32.7782&t=2020-06-27-T07%3A23%3A19Z


Pena, P. A. (2021). Here’s why the air in north Texas was so smoky Thursday. Available at: https://www.keranews.org/news/2021-12-17/heres-why- the-air-in-north-texas-was-so-smoky-thursday.


Rocha-Lima, A., Martins, V., Remer, L. A., Todd, M., Marsham, J. H., Engelstaedter, S., Ryder, C. L., Cavazos-Guerra, C., Artaxo, P., Colarco, P., Washington, R. (2018). A detailed characterization of the Saharan dust collected during the Fennec campaign in 2011: in situ ground-based and laboratory measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 1023-1043.


Sokolik, I. N., Toon, O. B. (1996). Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols. Nature, 381, 681-683.


Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D., Ngan, F. (2015). NOAA's HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling


"Forever Chemicals", Continued from p. 33 On April 19, 2024, EPA designated the two most studied per- and


polyfluoroalkyl substances–PFOA and PFOS, including their salts and structural isomers—as hazardous substances under CERCLA, also known as the “Superfund” law. For “state lead” cleanup pro- grams, such as Wisconsin, this federal rule development represents one of the strongest enforcement tools available for compelling action to address PFAS in the environment. The effective date of this federal rule is to be 60 days after publication in the federal register, anticipated in June 2024, absent any legal challenge.


The impact of regulating PFOA and PFOS under CERCLA will be wide-reaching. For one, the Wisconsin DNR may refer entities recalcitrant to perform cleanups including PFAS in Wisconsin to EPA Superfund program (EPA Region 5) for enforcement under CERCLA. (see Memorandum of Agreement Between the WI Department of Natural Resources and EPA Region 5 (November 2006), known as the One Cleanup (https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015- 09/documents/wis_moa.pdf)


system. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96, 2059-2077. Available at: https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT_traj.php.


TCEQ (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality) (2023a). Air. Retrieved from https://www.tceq.texas.gov/agency/air_main.html.


TCEQ (2023b). Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Annual Monitoring Network Plan. Available at: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/ downloads/air-quality/air-monitoring/network/historical/2023-amnp. pdf.


Tong, D. Q., Gill, T. E., Sprigg, W. A., Van Pelt, R. S., Baklanov, A. A., Barker, B. M., et al. (2023). Health and safety effects of airborne soil dust in the Americas and beyond. Reviews of Geophysics, 61, e2021RG000763.


Touré, N. E., Konaré, A., Silué, S. (2012). Intercontinental transport and climatic impact of Saharan and Sahelian dust. Advances in Meteorology, July 24, 1-14.


Twomey, S. (1974). Pollution and planetary albedo. Atmospheric Environment, 8, 1251-1256.


Varga, G. (2020). Changing nature of Saharan dust deposition in the Carpathian Basin (Central Europe): 40 years of identified North African dust events (1979-2018). Environment International, 139, 105712, 1-13.


WMO (World Meteorological Association) (2022). Sand and Dust Storms. Available at: https://public.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/focus-areas/ environment/sand-and-dust-storms.


Yu, H., Kaufman, Y. J., Chin, M., Feingold, G., Remer, L. A., Anderson, T. L., Balanski, Y., Bellouin, N., Boucher, O., Christopher, S., DeCola, P., Kahn, R., Koch, D., Loeb, N., Reddy, M. S., Schulz, M., Takemura, T., Zhou, M. (2006). A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol


direct radiative effect and forcing. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6, 613-666.


Acknowledgment The author gratefully acknowledges the NOAA Air Resources


Laboratory (ARL) for providing the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model used in this publication.


PFAS graphic (right) - public domain image from USGS. https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/what- are-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas


www.aipg.org Jul.Aug.Sep 2024 • TPG 37


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56