New Blended Refrigerants
New products marketed by the major refrigerant manufacturers, each with specific characteristics that differentiate one another. Te latest are the HFO family of refrigerants that, in some cases, are blends of HFC refrigerants with flammable refrigerants that reduce the GWP and render the HFOs non-flammable.
Pros: On-par prices with the HFCs; some are replacements for the HFCs but not in flooded applications.
Cons: Not direct replacements for HFCs; require POE oils and are not direct drop-in replacements for R-22; as new refrigerants hit the marketplace, each manufacturer of refrigerants links to a major equipment manufacturer; we will continue to have many choices, some of which will be the wrong ones for our systems; still in the testing stages; some HFOs, including R-1234yf, create Trifluoroacetic acid in the atmosphere, which remains under study for long-term effect on drinking water.
CO2 (considered a natural refrigerant)
CO2 occurs naturally in the atmosphere and is common in other low-temperature applications.
Pros: Inexpensive; readily available; non-toxic (but please see safety concerns below); non-flammable; not regulated yet.
Cons: Expensive to install; latest system (in Alaska) is a direct overfeed with large charge, stainless steel (SS) tubing and air cooled heat rejection; not well suited for hot climates; requires very specific and extensive training to operate and service; not regulated yet; new direct CO2 appears to be a takeoff of the old direct liquid overfeed floor systems, with CO2 instead of R-22.
PROTECT YOUR INVESTMENT
Regardless of refrigerant type, take steps to immediately inspect your refrigeration system to verify that the system is not leaking refrigerant.
Take special care to develop a maintenance program that addresses the integrity of the refrigerant piping, vessels, components and especially the seals and gaskets that prevent refrigerant loss.
Open-drive compressors with mechanical seals must be monitored and serviced regularly based on manufacturer recommendations and the history those machines have had in serving your rink.
A good compressor shaft seal is easily damaged by worn bearings, low oil charge, low refrigerant charge, overheating, misalignment of motor top compressor coupling and basic neglect.
Install an accurate multi-point refrigerant leak detection system to alert you to any and all detectable leaks. Add a refrigerant relief line sensor to your refrigerant monitor zones. Multiple leak detection in a chiller room will never alert you to refrigerant passing through a relief valve to the outdoors.
Provide training for yourself and your personnel. Hire a qualified and experienced rink refrigeration consultant to review your system AND your rink refrigeration service contractor.
Also, add an actual insurance policy to your system that covers mechanical failures PLUS refrigerant loss should there be a physical mechanical break causing catastrophic refrigerant loss. At least some of your costs will be covered, including loss of revenue.
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