Physiological thermal stress of soccer players on the two field types were evaluated using the COMFA model. Te estimated COMFA output was described as energy budget values that can be categorized into four classified thresholds of heat stress values (Harlan et al., 2006): Caution (65–120 W/m2 Extreme Danger (340 or higher W/m2
), Extreme caution (121–200 W/m2 at 2:00 PM CST, September 7 and arrived at the low of 300 W/m2 ), Danger (201–339 W/m2 ), and
the players felt very hot and had Extreme Danger levels of thermal stress. Energy budget values reached the peak of 620 W/m2
). According to the classification, Figure 4 showed that, for the majority of the match, at 4:00 PM CST, September 8, and 2:00 PM
CST, September 22. Only limited periods, from 2:00 to 4:00 PM CST on September 8 and from 2:00 to 2:30 PM CST on September 22, fell into Danger level of thermal. Teir daytime patterns with peak and bottom hours were highly coupled with surface temperature.
When it comes to the AT-NT difference in physiological thermal stress, it was found that NT can reduce the thermal stress of soccer players by up to 20 percent compared to AT. Overall daytime patterns of thermal stress demonstrated that the difference in energy budget values between AT and NT was 10.6 percent higher in the afternoon than the noon during clear sunny days. Teir highest difference was on September 7 around 3:00 PM CST at 124 W/m2 September 22 around 4:00 PM CST at 25 W/m2
, while their lowest difference was on . It seemed that the magnitude of disparities in thermal stress was likely to
increase when the shortwave solar radiation (or direct solar beam) coming from the sky was strong. Meanwhile, their disparities tended to decline when the cloud cover was relatively larger with high wind speed.
Te most significant components of thermal loading to which players are exposed are Kabs for NT and Labs for AT. Figure 4 indicates individual contribution of four energy components [absorbed solar radiation (Kabs), absorbed terrestrial radiation (Labs), convective heat loss (C), and evaporative heat loss (E)] to thermal loadings that athletes received during daytime hours. Te Kabs are the amount of incoming shortwave solar radiation that a player absorbs, and the Labs are the amount of absorbed longwave ground radiation emitted from the field. Evaporative heat loss is the loss of body heat that occurs through respiration and perspiration, whereas convective heat loss is the transfer of heat from the body due to the wind. Kabs and Labs comprise the largest proportion of the net energy budget, leading to the overall increase in thermal stress of players. As the Kabs was determined by exposure level to direct solar radiation, no difference was observed between the field types. Meanwhile, the LABS of AT was 97.7 percent and 91.5 percent higher at the noon and the afternoon, respectively, compared to NT.
Effects of AT and NT surface temperate on player’s thermal stress
TPI Turf News September/October 2022
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