Figure 5: 9 months 12 months


Note the fluctuation in OM in greens each year with increasing OM in the thatch during cool winter periods followed a big decrease during the summer renovations (Fig. 6). During the winter cultivation is limited and cooler weather decreases decomposition of OM. In the summer the reverse occurs. And the see-saw changes in OM in the thatch becomes apparent over time. Over time the dilutive effect of topdressing and decomposition is evident in the stain layer as there is trend for declining OM in the stain layer (Fig. 6).


Fig. 5. Example of upward rootzone growth of a sand-based ultradrawf bermudagrass golf green due to repeated sand topdressings. At this par- ticular southern Florida golf course, the superintendent used black sand topdressing during the winter, making it possible to observe the effect of repeated topdressings at 9 and 12 months later.


Figure 6:


Fig. 6. Organic matter measured in the thatch layer and rootzone stained layer from the means of four undisturbed soil core samples per green, with two greens sampled on each of four golf courses in southern Florida, measured from April 2008 to October 2013 to represent a spring and fall assessment each year. Te error bar—one for all stained layer measurements and one for all thatch measurements—represents standard error of the mean combining data across all assessments over time.


TPI Turf News March/April 2018


47


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