ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ON PAGE 28
Answers: 1. The answer is choice “c” or “an esker.”
“Kames” constitute mounds or hills of glacial sediment that accumulate in depressions on a retreating glacier. These mounds are left behind resting over the land surface as further glacial melting occurs.
“Drumlins” are mounds or hills of glacial sediment that are generally streamlined and asymmetrical in a lengthwise profile. The steep side faces the direction in which the ice came from.
2. The answer is choice “c” or “barite” (BaSO4). Sulfates contain the SO4-2 ion or SO4 radical.
“Hematite” is a reddish-brown iron oxide (Fe2O3) with an earthy (or sometimes metallic) luster and constitutes an impor- tant iron ore.
“Sphalerite” is zinc sulfide (ZnS) and defines an important ore of zinc. 3. The answer is choice “b” or “Devonian.”
“Placoderms” constitute a type of primitive, jawed and armored-plated fish that lived mainly from about the mid Silurian to the end of the Devonian. They became greatly dominant and abundant in Devonian time. Most “placoderms” disap- peared at the close of the Devonian Period with a minimal number of related species enduring into the Carboniferous. It is thought that the demise of the “placoderms” helped sharks proliferate.
4. The answer is choice “a” or “A gradation in grain size from coarse below to fine above.” “Graded bedding” may be found in fluvial depositional environments and “turbidite” sequences.
Choice “b” is more characteristic of barrier bars associated with littoral environments. Choice “c” implies what we may define as a “facies change.”
5. The answer is choice “b” or about 31,369,628 barrels. To a first approximation, we may use the formula:
saturation (So = 1-Sw), where Sw is the water saturation. Note that there are 7758 barrels per acre-foot and a “section” is equivalent to 640 acres. Thus:
Oip = (7758 barrels/acre-foot) * (15 feet) * (3 * 640 acres) * (0.18) * (1.0 -0.22) Oip = 31,369,628 barrels (2) (3)
Equation (3) gives us the number that we seek. Note that this is not the “recoverable oil!” The latter (see equation 4) is also a function of the “recovery factor” (RF) and the “oil volume factor” (BOI), or reservoir barrels per stock tank barrels. Thus, recoverable oil is approximately:
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