EDUCATOR’S PAGE


the computation, while the height of “b-c” (i.e., height of the target [T] staff or ranging rod) is subtracted.


References


Brinker, R.C., & Minnick, R. (Eds.). (1995). The Surveying Handbook (2nd ed.). Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.


National Geodetic Survey (2001). Geoid. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Accessed at http://www. ngs.noaa.gov/GEOID/geoid_def.html


National Geodetic Survey. (2015). Frequently Asked Questions: Datums. National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration. Accessed at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml


Figure 5. Illustration of a right triangle with labeled items (a-g, H, k, T, 


With sufficient distance, a correction for the curvature of the Earth (k) must be made to the final elevation determination. Line “a-e” is parallel to the curved – but exaggerated – ground surface (line g-f, which in this instance also corresponds to the geoid) and “k” is the deviation from horizontal due to the cur- vature of the Earth and the refractive index of the atmosphere. In this case “k” would be added to the final height calculation.


Featured Resource


This issue’s featured resource is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s National Geodetic Survey web page: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/


In addition to resources for educators, under the “Science & Education” tab, the site includes links to a wealth of acces- sible data from the “Data & Imagery” tab: GPS, aeronautical, geoid, gravity, shoreline, and more. The “Publications” tab identifies a number of additional related articles that may be of interest to readers.


National Ocean Service (1983). Geodesy for the Layman (5th ed.). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.


National Ocean Service (2014). Is the Earth Round? National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Accessed at http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/earth-round.html


Plait, P. (2009, January 15). How Far Away is the Horizon? Accessed at http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badas- tronomy/2009/01/15/how-far-away-is-the-horizon/#. VPYWDi6LX-s


Stern, D.P. (2004). (8a) Distance to the Horizon. Accessed at http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Shorizon.htm


United States Geological Survey (n.d.). Geodesy. Accessed at http://www.usgs.gov/science/science. php?thcode=2&term=440


Young, A.T. (2010). Terrestrial and Atmospheric Refractions. Access at http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~aty/explain/atmos_ refr/terrestrial.html


Young, A.T. (2012). Calculating Ray Bending. Accessed


at http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~aty/explain/atmos_refr/ bending.html


Young, A.T. (2012). Flattening of the Setting Sun. Accessed


at http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~aty/explain/atmos_refr/ flattening.html


*All Figures drawn by the author.


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