TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE Answers on Page 30
Robert G. Font, CPG-03953
rgfont@cs.com
1. Hydrothermal solutions related to magmatic activity may give rise to a process through which a given mineral may be replaced by another of different chemical composition. Which of the following terms best applies to this situation?
a) Metasomatism b) c)
Diagenesis Applanation
2. “Diastrophism” implies: a) Cation exchange capacity b) The evolution of “diatomaceous earth” c)
Tectonic deformation
3. In our field studies we find a sedimentary deposit that contains abundant tests of fossil “ostracods.” What are these? a) A type of small to microscopic crustacean. b) A type of microscopic fresh water algae. c) A type of small to microscopic mollusk
4. From the work of Sir Isaac Newton, Henry Cavendish and others, we know that the gravitational force of attraction between two masses is directly proportional to their product and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Thus:
F = G m1 m2 / r2
Also, from Newton’s second law of motion, we may write: F = mg
(1) (2)
For the above equation, “g” is the acceleration of gravity. Based on the above-referenced information and given: Average radius of the Earth: re = 6,400 kilometers
Acceleration of gravity: g = 9.8 msec-2
a) Me = 7.32 x 1024 kg b) Me = 5.98 x 1024 kg c) Me = 4.29 x 1024 kg d) Not again! Yak!
5. (Submitted by David Abbott, CPG-4570) - The recent EPA-caused spill of an estimated 3 million gallons of mine waste from the Gold King Mine workings north on Silverton, CO on Cement Creek makes one wonder about the volume of mine workings required to store this volume of water prior to removal of the “cork,” Working towards an answer requires unit conversion and some assumptions about mine opening sizes. For simplicity’s sake assume that all the volume consists of horizontal mine workings 2 yards high by 1.3 yards wide. How many miles of working are required to hold 3 million gallons?
www.aipg.org
Gravitational constant: G = 6.67 x 10-11 newton-m2 kg-2 What, then, is the actual value of the Earth’s mass in kilograms?
(3) (4) (5)
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