ANSWERS TO “TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE” ON PAGE 34 Answers:
1. The answer is choice “a” or “[(Ca,Mn)2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)].” “Thulite” or “rosaline” is a manganese-bearing “sorosili- cate” (two tetrahedra sharing one oxygen with Si:O ratios of 2:7). It is a translucent or massive pink to reddish variety
of the mineral “zoisite” [Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)]. It was first discovered in Sauland in Telemark, Norway. It is also found in Austria’s Tyrol (western region) and in Mitchell County, North Carolina.
Choice “b” [(Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3] is “rhodonite” or a manganese “inosilicate” member of the pyroxenoid group of minerals (continuous single chains of tetrahedra each sharing two oxygens with Si:O ratios of 1:3). Rhodonite is the official gem- stone of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Choice “c” [Mg3Al2(SiO4)3] describes “pyrope” or red garnet. Garnets are “nesosilicates” (characterized by independent tetrahedra).
Choice “d” depicts “orthoclase” [KAlSi3O8]. Potassium feldspar is commonly (but not exclusively) found in a pink variety. Orthoclase is a “tectosilicate” (defined by a continuous framework of tetrahedra each sharing all four oxygens).
2. The answer is choice “c” or “The ratio of stress over volumetric strain or a measure of resistance to compression; [K = (F/A)/ .” The “compressibility” is .
Choices “a” and “b” define “Young’s Modulus” and “Poisson’s Ratio”, respectively. Choice “d” is the “Shear Modulus” expressed as a function of the “Young’s Modulus” and “Poisson’s Ratio.”
3. The answer is choice “b” or “arclogite.”
“Anorthosite” is an intrusive, phaneritic igneous rock composed of mostly plagioclase feldspar (90%+) with a minor mafic component (10% or less).
“Tonalite” is a phaneritic, plutonic igneous rock of felsic composition. Plagioclase feldspar (oligoclase or andesine) pre- dominates with alkali feldspar being typically less than about 10%. Quartz content approximates about 20%.
“Migmatite” (“mixed rock”) is composed of a metamorphosed host material that is banded with granitic streaks or veins. Migmatites are generally felsic rather than mafic in composition and occur on a regional scale in areas of high-grade metamorphism.
Sorry, no “magmarctite” to my knowledge. 4. The answer is choice “b” or “Fourier transform equation.”
“Laplace’s equation” is a second-order partial differential equation. The general theory of solutions to Laplace’s equation is known as “potential theory” and the solutions are the “harmonic functions.”
“Reynolds equation” is a partial differential equation that describes the flow of a thin lubricant film between two surfaces.
In reflection seismology the “Zoeppritz equations” describe the partitioning of seismic wave energy at the contact between two different rock layers.
5. The answer is choice “a” or “Camptosaurus” that grew to about 20 feet in length and weighed around 1,000 pounds.
“Apatosaurus” was another herbivorous dinosaur of the Late Jurassic. The sauropod measured about 70 feet in length and weighed around 20 tons.
Camptosaurus rendering. Source: Dinosaur National Monument, National Park Service, NPS/Bob Walters Tess Kissinger at
https://www.nps.gov/dino/ learn/nature/camptosaurus-aphanoece-
tes.htm
36 TPG •
Apr.May.Jun 2021
Another dinosaur of the Late Jurassic was “Camarasaurus.” This plant-eating, quadru- pedal sauropod grew to about 45 feet in length and weighed around 50 tons.
“Ceratosaurus” was a Late Jurassic carnivo- rous theropod about 17 feet in length.
www.aipg.org
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