with a parent who has served time in prison are more likely to live in poverty and homelessness.22
High school
students identifying as LGBTQ report being bullied at twice the rate of their heterosexual counterparts. This leads to increased rates of depression, anxiety and high school dropout rates.
Conclusion The SDOH represent factors that impact health outcomes outside of the direct care we provide. These forces are vast, variable, powerful and systemic in their nature, influencing the conditions into which individuals are born, live, work and age. The five factors of the SDOH discussed have a deep impact on an individual’s overall health, sense of well- being and quality of life.
As deeply integrated medical specialists, we’ve stepped out of the comfort zone of our labs and expanded the reach of our care by opening clinics. Yet, for IR to maximize its value, we must go even further.
Tackling the effects of the SDOH is a unique challenge. It requires a different skillset than what we may be hardwired for. Awareness is the first step, and once we have a better understanding of all the factors impacting health, we can be better prepared as clinicians and provide better care.
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21. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Increase the proportion of children whose family read to them at least 4 days per week.
health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/children/ increase-proportion-children-whose-family-read-them-least-4-days-week-emc-02.
22. Wildeman C. Parental Incarceration, child homelessness, and the invisible consequences of mass imprisonment. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 2014:56174–96.
jstor.org/stable/24541694.
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