HAITI’S ROCK AND SOIL ENGINEERING
Table 1. Summary of problem, damage, and potential remedy Problem
Damage High winds, including hurricanes
Roof and walls collapse; destroyed habi- tats; loss of property, livelihoods, and life
Drainage failure and flooding
Soil erosion; destroyed habitats; col- lapsed structures; buried and failed physi- cal infrastructure; downstream sedimen- tation and destroyed agricultural fields; loss of property, livelihoods, and life
Expansive soils
Wall, floor, pavement, walkway buck- ling; concrete pad foundation and piling failures
Hillside erosion and creep (mass wasting)
Soil loss; destroyed habitats; collapsed structures; buried and failed physical infrastructure; downstream sedimentation and destroyed agricultural fields; loss of property and livelihoods
Valley and riverbank soil erosion
Collapsed structures; destroyed habitats; failed physical infrastructure; downstream sedimentation and destroyed agricultural fields; loss of property and livelihoods
Landslides and debris flows
Collapsed structures; destroyed habitats; failed physical infrastructure; downstream sedimentation and destroyed agricultural fields; loss of property, livelihoods, and life
Potential Remedy
Steel-reinforced roof connects to wall beams; concrete-filled offset zig-zag block walls with epoxy-coated rebar
Vulnerability mapping; drainage control and flood management; water manage- ment; use of geotextiles
Vulnerability mapping; foundation en- gineering; water management; use of geotextiles
Vulnerability mapping; re-forestation, soil- refilling, re-vegetating
Reforestation; re-establishment of agriculture; constructed terraces and rock gabions; sediment walls, geotextile erosion-control blankets; widen channels
Vulnerability mapping; land-use zoning and enforcement; mandated permanent structure set-backs; excavation of prone areas; reforestation, vegetation cover, rock gabions, and geotextile covers to assure soil drainage; monitoring and evaluation; early warning networks
Liquefaction
Collapsed structures; destroyed habitats; failed physical infrastructure; loss of prop- erty, livelihoods, and life
Vulnerability mapping; land-use zoning and enforcement; mandated permanent structure set-backs; excavation of prone areas; reforestation, vegetation cover, rock gabions, and geotextiles to assure soil drainage; monitoring and evaluation; early warning networks
Faulting and earthquakes
Collapsed structures; destroyed habitats; failed physical infrastructure; loss of agricultural fields, property, livelihoods, and life
Vulnerability mapping; land-use zoning and enforcement; mandated permanent structure set-backs; earthquake-resistant building codes; use of structural concrete to support loads; cement-grouting of buried caverns; monitoring and evalua- tion; early warning networks (including monitoring sinkholes)
Sinkholes
Collapsed structures, failed physical in- frastructure; destroyed agricultural fields; loss of property and livelihoods
Sea level rising; seawater intrusion
Soil and groundwater contamination by salinization of coastal and nearby riverine areas; reduced fresh-water supply and agricultural production; destroyed habi- tats; physical infrastructure corrosion and failure; loss of livelihoods
www.aipg.org
Vulnerability mapping; land-use zoning and enforcement; mandated permanent structure set-backs; cement-grouting of buried caverns; monitoring and evalua- tion; early warning networks which moni- tor sinkholes
Vulnerability mapping; land-use zoning and enforcement; enhanced groundwa- ter recharge; monitoring and evaluation; warning networks
Jul.Aug.Sep 2021 • TPG 17
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